|
Nobbys Head (Aboriginal: ''Whibayganba''〔) is a headland located on the southern entrance to Newcastle Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. The headland is situated above the Hunter River and the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean. Originally called Coal Island, and then later Nobbys Island, the Island was connected to the mainland at first by the Macquarie Pier, completed in 1846, 38 years after commencement. The pier was eventually replaced by a breakwater. Sand accumulate along the breakwall to make Nobby's beach, and the sand and plants makes the isthmus appear natural. The rock of the original island has significant tunnelling, which was completed during the 1850s using convict labour, with the aim of destroying the island.〔 Nobbys Head Lighthouse is located on the headland. The lighthouse is the third lighthouse built in New South Wales after the Macquarie Lighthouse in 1818 and the Hornby Lighthouse which was also built in 1858. The lighthouse is included in Newcastle's coat of arms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Commonwealth heritage places in New South Wales (Nobbys Lighthouse, Newcastle East) )〕 ==Location and features== Nobbys Head was first sighted by Europeans on 10 May 1770 by Captain James Cook from the ship ''Endeavour'' and was described by Cook as: "A small round rock or Island, laying close under the land, bore South 82 degrees West, distance 3 or 4 Leagues". It was not until the discovery of coal by Lt. John Shortland in 1797, that the island was viewed as having any significance. In 1804, Signal Head was the first place in Newcastle that any form of navigational aid was established. Originally a coal burning light, it was changed over to oil in 1821 for a short period of time but was reverted to coal as the oil system was not reliable.〔 Governor Macquarie ordered a pier to be built to join Coal island to Collier Point. The pier was started on 5 August 1818 and convict labour was used to do the construction. It took 38 years to complete the pier and during this time numerous convicts were lost to the sea due to the convicts having to work through all sea and weather conditions, night and day. Nobbys Head was thought to have been originally high, however work done by the Coal River Working Party in 2010 has concluded that the original height was more likely high. It was reduced to its current height because sailing ships were losing wind in the sails as they rounded Nobbys Head. The rock taken from Nobbys to reduce its height was used in the pier's construction. In 2010 it was reported that the NSW Government was examining the transfer of management of the headland from Newcastle Port Corporation to the Land Property Management Authority for potential incorporation in a national park or reserve. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nobbys Head」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|